Abrasive tool for grinding, grinding, and polishing. Most of the abrasives are artificial abrasives made of abrasives and binders, and also natural abrasives made directly from natural ore and rock. In addition to being widely used in mechanical manufacturing and other metal processing industries, abrasive tools are also used in grain processing, paper industry and processing of non-metallic materials such as ceramics, glass, stone, plastics, rubber and wood.

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Grinding tools in the use of the process, when the grinding particles are blunt, due to the grinding particles themselves part of the fracture or binder fracture, the grinding particles from the grinding tools local or completely off, and the abrasive on the working surface of the grinding tools constantly appear new cutting edge, or constantly expose new sharp grinding particles, so that the grinding tools in a certain time to maintain the cutting performance.

Abrasives according to its raw material source, there are natural abrasives and two kinds of artificial abrasives. The only natural abrasives commonly used in the mechanical industry are whetstone. According to the basic shape and structure characteristics of the artificial grinding tools, there are grinding wheel, grinding head, whetstone, sand tile (referred to as the consolidation grinding tools) and coated grinding tools five categories.

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According to the different abrasives used, the consolidated abrasives can be divided into ordinary abrasives consolidated abrasives and superhard abrasives consolidated abrasives.The former is made from ordinary abrasives such as corundum and silicon carbide, while the latter is made from superhard abrasives such as diamond and cubic boron nitride.

Common abrasive consolidation abrasives are abrasives that are consolidated into a certain shape by binders and have a certain strength. Generally consists of abrasives, binders and pores, which are often referred to as the three elements of a consolidated abrasive.

Abrasives play a cutting role in abrasives. Binders are materials that consolidate loose abrasives into abrasives, both inorganic and organic. Inorganic binders include ceramics, rhombic soil and sodium silicate, etc. Organic resin, rubber and shellac, etc. The most commonly used are ceramic, resin and rubber binders.

When grinding, the air hole can accept and discharge the dust, and can contain the cooling fluid, which is helpful for the heat dissipation of grinding. In order to meet some special processing requirements, some fillers, such as sulfur and paraffin, can also be impregnated in the pores to improve the performance of the abrasives. This filler is also known as the fourth element of the abrasives.

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The hardness of the abrasive mainly depends on the amount of binder and the density of the abrasive.Conversely, high hardness.Hardness grades are generally divided into super soft, soft, medium soft, medium hard, hard and super hard seven grades, from these grades can be further subdivided into a number of small grades. The hardness of abrasive tools is determined by hand cone method, mechanical cone method, rockwell durometer method and sandblasting durometer method.

The hardness of abrasives has a corresponding relationship with its dynamic elastic modulus, which is beneficial to use audio frequency method to measure the dynamic elastic modulus of abrasives to represent the hardness of abrasives. In grinding, if the material hardness is high, generally choose low hardness grinding tools; On the contrary, choose high hardness abrasive.