The development trend of modern cutting tool coating technology

    2019-08-07   reading

    The development of manufacturing industry is inseparable from cutting tools. Modern cutting tools have become one of the key factors to improve the technical level of manufacturing. The requirements for cutting processing are increasing day by day. High speed, high precision, high efficiency, intelligence and environmental protection have become the pursuit goals of cutting processing. The energy level of the material to be processed is continuously improved; high-strength and ultra-high-strength materials, high toughness, difficult-to-cut materials and other materials emerge in an endless stream; special requirements for cutting processing under new conditions, such as hard machining, micro-lubrication and non-lubrication with a processing hardness of 50HRC or more Dry cutting is constantly emerging. In short, the individualized features in the cutting process are emerging.

    cutting disc

    cutting disc_cutting wheel_cutting tools

    In the face of these changes, if it is required to adapt to these requirements in the design and manufacturing process of the tool or the overall performance of the tool material, the technical difficulty is very large, especially for the tool material, not only in the resource utilization is extremely uneconomical, It is often difficult to achieve materials that meet increasingly complex integrated cutting performance.


    Looking at a large number of examples of tool cutting failures, most of the failures are often inseparable from the surface properties of the physical, chemical, and mechanical states of the material surface, that is, the requirements for the surface properties of tool materials in modern cutting operations are increasing. The higher, this has strongly promoted the research of surface engineering techniques such as vapor deposition technology. The experimental results show that the surface cutting technology can be used to impart comprehensive cutting performance to the surface of the cutting tool. As one of the surface modification technologies of tool materials, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) process technologies have been used. It has achieved very good results in the application of modern cutting tools.

    cutting tools

    cutting disc_cutting wheel_cutting tools

         At present, in the cemented carbide tool as the mainstream of cutting tools, coated cemented carbide tools account for more than 80%, of which PVD technology, due to its low process temperature, will not affect the performance of the tool substrate, and the process plan changes. Diversified, making its application more and more extensive. Coating technology has become one of the three core technologies that make up modern cutting tools.

    In recent years, the increasing cutting requirements and the energy level of the material being processed and the reduction of environmental pollution caused by cutting have strongly promoted the development of modern cutting tool coating technology. Multi-component composite coatings and multi-layer coatings such as TiAIN, TiAICN and CrSiN appearing in the multi-alloying of the film-based materials and the combination of coating processes have obtained high wear resistance, low friction, good thermal stability and strong oxidation resistance. Such good comprehensive performance greatly improves the performance of modern cutting tools; the microstructure of nano-component and nano-film coatings makes new solutions for difficult-to-machine materials; diamond coatings and diamond-like coatings (DLC) ) It has achieved good results in processing non-metallic materials such as graphite parts and fiber reinforced materials and non-ferrous alloy materials. In order to adapt to the development of the coating process, the coating process equipment has also achieved integration, modularization and intelligence, making the coating technology increasingly personalized.

    Diversification of membrane materials

    Currently, the trend in the development of modern cutting tool coating technology is the diversification of film materials. Multi-alloying of film-based materials is still the main research direction. The use of binary nitrides and carbides of transition metals tends to be mutually soluble, and alloying elements are added to the Ti-N film to form composite nitride coatings.

    For example, TiAIN ternary coatings, which are currently the most widely used in cemented carbide coated tools, can achieve different film properties by adjusting the composition ratio of AI elements. If carbon is added to Ti-N, Ti(C, N) ternary coating can be formed by solid solution and precipitation of carbon atoms, and these multiple coatings have good performance compared with the single coating of Ti-N. Comprehensive performance, improved oxidation temperature and wear resistance, and low friction coefficient. By adding AI and C elements simultaneously in Ti-N, a quaternary film layer of TiAICN can be formed (see Fig. 1). The film has good thermal stability, high wear resistance and low friction, and has been widely used in coated end mills in the field of hard processing. For example, the molding process for the hardened module not only improves the processing efficiency, but also obtains a good processed surface and solves the deformation problem caused by the heat treatment after the first forming process, thereby improving the manufacturing precision of the mold.


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